Which condition is characterized by reduced perfusion of heart tissue due to plaque buildup in a coronary vessel?

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Coronary artery disease is the condition characterized by atherosclerotic plaque narrowing the coronary arteries, which reduces blood flow to the heart muscle. As plaque builds up, the lumen narrows, making it harder for adequate oxygen-rich blood to reach myocardial tissue, especially during periods of higher demand. This chronic reduction in perfusion leads to ischemia of the heart muscle and increases the risk of symptoms like chest pain and, ultimately, heart attacks. Angina pectoris is a symptom caused by transient ischemia but is not the disease process itself. Coronary ischemia describes the state of reduced blood flow, which CAD causes, but CAD specifies the underlying atherosclerotic disease. Regurgitation is a valvular problem and does not involve plaque buildup in coronary vessels.